In the previous post, I've described how to build an image when you're behind a proxy.

Now, if your container needs access to the internet for e.g. downloading python dependencies, you'll need to give it explicitly. The way to do it is via -e parameter (environment) of docker run. You can either make it verbose, or you can build an alias:

alias docker_run="docker run \
-e http_proxy=$http_proxy \
-e https_proxy=$https_proxy \
-e no_proxy=$no_proxy "

Then, you can just execute:

docker_run -d myimage:myversion

HTH,